Immune Exhaustion of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection and Elucidates Cytokine [IL-1 2, IL-12 and IL-17] and Chemokine-Mediated Pathogenesis
Keywords:
Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Cytokine, Chemokine, Immune ExhaustionAbstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection results in a cascade of immunological responses that influence viral persistence, viral clearance and liver disease formation due to the action of a number of interleukins (ILs). To maintain chronic infection and cause liver damage, the infection of hepatitis C virus alters the immune system drastically generating, suppressing, or utilizing various interleukins (IL). The elevated levels of essential interleukins inflame and fibrosis. This study aimed to shed some light on the role the cytokines and chemokines play in the progression of hepatitis C in patients. A sample of sixty persons who tested HCV-positive and were hospitalized with a diagnostic liver biopsy was analyzed. Eleven people had cirrhosis and 49 had chronic persistent hepatitis. There were forty negative hepatitis test workers working in the laboratory who were healthy. Serum interleukin-17A levels were significantly higher in patients infected with chronic HCV without cirrhosis (318.00±27.04 pg/ml), in patients infected with chronic HCV with cirrhosis (354.81±28.95 pg/ml), and in control subjects (195.00±15.68 pg/ml). The levels of IL-12 were recorded as follows: 59.07±8.06, 85.03±9.75, and 22.05±5.09 pg/ml, respectively. The levels of IL-1β were measured at 16:45±3.71, 28:00±6.09, and 7:00±1.85 pg/ml at the same time. The results of this study demonstrated that compared to the control group, patients with chronic HCV infection and cirrhosis had significantly higher serum chemokine levels in CXCL9 (310.95±26.04 pg/ml, 357.00±29.05 pg/ml, and 226.09±17.13 pg/ml, respectively). Although the CXCL10 levels were measured as 61.00±8.03, 79.05±7.44, and 21.08±5.39 pg/ml, respectively. This has been observed in patients infected with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) where the interleukin (IL-1 β, IL-12 and IL-17) levels are found to be elevated.
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